Sociology Department
Princeton University

Academic Contract (December, 1999)

Eszter Hargittai

This Contract summarizes how I have met the pre-Generals requirements of the Sociology Department. It also contains the reading lists for my written examinations.

Pre-Generals Coursework
Foreign Language Proficiency
Pre-Generals Papers
Generals Reading Lists

Communications
Economic Sociology
Social Networks

Pre-Generals Coursework

I came to the department directly from the Sociology PhD program at New York University where I had taken a few classes relevant to the first year core requirements at Princeton. (Classical Sociological Theory with Professor Craig Calhoun and Professor Robert Max Jackson and two courses in the Methods and Statistics sequence with Professor Richard Maisel and Professor David Greenberg.) In consultation with faculty in our Department, I was able to skip two courses, namely Classical Sociological Theory and Quantitative Analysis.

Theory

In my first semester, I sat in on the sections of Professor Walter Wallace’s "Classical Sociological Theory" (SOC 501) class that were not covered in my course at NYU. In my second semester, I took "Contemporary Sociological Theory" (SOC 502) with Professor Alejandro Portes.

Methods

In my first semester I took "Techniques and Methods of Social Science" (SOC 503) with Professor Frank Dobbin. In the Spring of my first year, I took Professor Bruce Western's "Social Statistics" (SOC 504). During my second year, I participated in the year-long "Seminar in Empirical Investigation" (SOC 550) led by Professor Marta Tienda and also took "Introduction to Methods of Network Analysis" (SOC 530X) with Professor Peter Marsden visiting from Harvard University.

Communications and Culture

SOC530z Comparative History of Communications and Culture Prof. Starr

SOC530m Cultural Analysis Prof. Lamont

SOC720 R.C.:The Self and the Internet Prof. DiMaggio

SOC530w Audit Sociology of Culture Prof. DiMaggio

(Also Religion and Culture Workshop first year,

Culture and Inequality Workshop first two years,

Preceptor, SOC344 Communications, Culture and Society, Prof. Starr)

Economic Sociology

SOC520p Economic Sociology Prof. Zelizer

SOC710 R.C.: Economic Sociology Prof. Zelizer

SOC530y Social Organizations Prof. DiMaggio

SOC530a Audit Complex Organizations Prof. DiMaggio

(Also JOIE for two years)

Social Networks

SOC530x Introduction to Methods of Network Analysis Prof. Marsden

 

Foreign Language Proficiency

I passed the French language proficiency test with Suzanne Keller on March 12, 1999.

 

Pre-Generals Papers

1. "Weaving the Western Web: Explaining the Differences in Internet Connectivity Among OECD Countries"

Abstract: Despite the Internet's increasing importance, there is little social scientific work that addresses its diffusion. Our knowledge is especially limited with respect to the conditions that encourage its spread across nations. This paper takes a first step in explaining the differences in Internet connectivity among OECD nations. After examining the impact of economic wealth, income inequality, human capital, institutional legal environment, and existing technological infrastructure, the empirical analyses show that economic wealth and telecommunications policy are the most salient predictors of a nation’s Internet connectivity.

This paper was approved by Professors Marta Tienda and Miguel Centeno in May 1999. It was presented at the First International Graduate Student Retreat for Comparative Research at UCLA in May 1999. A revised version was published in Telecommunications Policy 1999. 23(10/11), pp.701-718.

 

2. "Open Portals or Closed Gates? Channeling Content on the World Wide Web"

Abstract: This paper explores what the tension between information abundance and attention scarcity implies for the diversity of information accessible to users of the World Wide Web. Due to limited user attention, there is a role for gatekeepers in the online content market. Sites that catalog Web content and primarily present themselves as content categorization services are argued to be the gatekeepers in the new information age. Identifying the mechanisms by which they organize content is essential to understanding how user attention is allocated to information available on the Web. Theories about media content diversity are delineated to suggest what we may expect with respect to content diversity online. Methods for future empirical investigation are suggested. Finally, the policy implications of the argument are presented.

This paper was approved by Professors Paul DiMaggio and Bob Wuthnow in December, 1999. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Workshop of the Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies in May, 1999. The paper will be published in the Center's Working Paper Series. The paper is under review for publication at Poetics.

I have also written the following relevant paper while in the program:

3. "Radio's Lessons for the Internet"

Abstract: This paper compares the early years of the radio and the Internet to show how communication media tend toward regulation both with respect to use authorization and content/information dissemination.

Originally written for SOC530z, this paper has been accepted for publication by Communications of the ACM 2000. 43:1 (January)

I have also co-authored two papers and have edited a special journal issue during the past two years:

4. "Phone Calls and Fax Machines: The Limits to Globalization"

Abstract: This paper uses network analysis to explore what changes in international telecommunications between 1983 and 1995 reveal about the process of globalization.

This paper was written with Hugh Louch and Miguel Centeno. It was published in The Washington Quarterly 1999. 22:2 83-100

5. "Defining a Global Geography"

Abstract: Globalization involves a variety of links expanding and tightening a web of political, economic and cultural inter-connections. Individual data indicate that we are undergoing a process of compression of international time and space and an intensification of international relations. Yet, individual data sources tell us little more than that. This article offers an alternative approach to studying globalization by highlighting the possible contributions of network methods to the field. We argue that using relational data helps in uncovering the intertwined nature of the emerging global order.

This paper was written with Miguel Centeno. It is the introductory chapter to a special collection of articles on the international networks that make up globalization. It is under review for a special issue of the American Behavioral Scientist.

6. "Mapping Globalization"

This is a special journal issue (co-edited with Miguel Centeno) on the various networks that make up the international web of globalization. It is under review at the American Behavioral Scientist.

 

Generals Reading Lists

My areas of concentration and the respective examiners are the following:

Communications with Professor Paul Starr

Economic Sociology with Professor Viviana Zelizer

Social Networks with Professor Paul DiMaggio

The chair of my committee is Professor DiMaggio

The following is a list of readings for the three areas.


Communication

Broad Interpretive and Theoretical Approaches

Carey, James W. 1989. Communication as culture : essays on media and society. Boston: Unwin Hyman.

Innis, Harold Adams, and Marshall McLuhan. 1964. The bias of communication. [Toronto]: University of Toronto Press.

McLuhan, Marshall. 1988. Understanding media : the extensions of man. New York: New American Library.

Schudson, Michael. 1989. "Political Communication." Pp. 304-313 in International Encyclopedia of Communications, edited by Eric Barnouw. New York: Oxford University Press.

The Effects of Mass Communications

Gitlin, Todd. 1978. "Media Sociology: The Dominant Paradigm." Theory and Society 6:205-24.

Gitlin, Todd. 1994. "Imagebusters: The Hollow Crusade Against TV Violence." The American Prospect Winter:42-49.

Iyengar, Shanto, and Donald R. Kinder. 1987. News that matters : television and American opinion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Iyengar, Shanto. 1991. Is anyone responsible? : how television frames political issues. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Lazarsfeld, Paul Felix, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet. 1968. The people's choice; how the voter makes up his mind in a presidential campaign. New York,: Columbia University Press.

Meyrowitz, Joshua. 1985. No sense of place : the impact of electronic media on social behavior. New York: Oxford University Press.

The Information Society

Bell, Daniel. 1973. The coming of post-industrial society; a venture in social forecasting. New York,: Basic Books.

Beniger, James R. 1986. The control revolution : technological and economic origins of the information society. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Castells, Manuel. 1996. The rise of the network society. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers. [R]

Gilder, George. 1994. "Life After Television, Updated." in Forbes ASAP.

Neuman, W. Russell. 1991. The future of the mass audience. Cambridge [England] ; New York: Cambridge University Press.

Reich, Robert B. 1991. The work of nations : preparing ourselves for 21st-century capitalism. New York: A.A. Knopf : Distributed by Random House. [R, R2, R3]

Toffler, Alvin. 1980. The third wave. New York: Morrow. [R, R2]

The Development of Literacy and Print Media

Boyer, Paul S. 1968. Purity in print; the vice-society movement and book censorship in America. New York: Scribner.

Chartier, Roger. 1987. "The Practical Impact of Writing." Pp. 111-159 in A history of private life, edited by Philippe Ariès and Georges Duby. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Darnton, Robert. 1982. "Reading, Writing and Publishing." Pp. 167-208 in The literary underground of the Old Regime. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Eisenstein, Elizabeth L. 1968. "Some Conjectures about the Impact of Printing on Western Society and Thought: A Preliminary Report." Journal of Modern History :1-56.

Goody, Jack, and Ian P. Watt. 1963. "The Consequences of Literacy." Comparative Studies in History and Society 5:304-45.

Kaestle, Carl F. 1991. "Studying the History of Literacy." Pp. 3-32 in Literacy in the United States : readers and reading since 1880, edited by Carl F. Kaestle and Helen Damon-Moore. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Schudson, Michael. 1978. Discovering the news : a social history of American newspapers. New York: Basic Books.

Smith, Anthony. 1979. The newspaper : an international history. London: Thames and Hudson.

Postal and Telecommunications Networks

Duch, Raymond M. 1991. Privatizing the economy : telecommunications policy in comparative perspective. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Fischer, Claude S. 1992. America calling : a social history of the telephone to 1940. Berkeley: University of California Press.

John, Richard R. 1995. Spreading the news : the American postal system from Franklin to Morse. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Standage, Tom. 1998. The Victorian Internet : the remarkable story of the telegraph and the nineteenth century*s on-line pioneers. New York: Walker and Co.

Starr, S. Frederick. 1990. "New Communications Technologies and Civil Society." Pp. 19-50 in Science and the Soviet social order, edited by Loren R. Graham. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Broadcasting

Barnouw, Erik. 1982. Tube of plenty : the evolution of American television. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press.

Douglas, Susan. 1987. Inventing American Broadcasting 1899-1922. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Noam, Eli M. 1991. Televison in Europe. New York: Oxford University Press.

Piirto, Rebecca. 1994. "Why Radio Thrives." American Demographics : 40-46.

Spigel, Lynn. 1992. Make room for TV : television and the family ideal in postwar America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

The Production of Media Content

Gamson, Joshua. 1994. "Incredible News." The American Prospect 17:28-35.

Hallin, Daniel C. 1994. "Speaking of the President: Political Structure and Representational Form in U.S. and Italian Television News." Pp. 113-132 in We keep America on top of the world : television journalism and the public sphere, edited by Daniel C. Hallin. London ; New York: Routledge.

Hirsch, Paul M. 1972. "Processing Fads and Fashions: An Organization-Set Analysis of Cultural Industry Systems." American Journal of Sociology 77:639-59.

Powell, Walter W. 1985. Getting into print : the decision-making process in scholarly publishing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

The New Media in Comparative Perspective

Anderson, Robert H. 1995. Universal access to e-mail : feasibility and societal implications. Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand.

Carmel, Erran. 1997. "American Hegemony in Packaged Software Trade and the 'Culture of Software." The Information Society 13:125-142.

Cowhey, Peter. 1995. "Building the Global Information Highway: Toll Booths, Construction Contracts, and Rules of the Road." Pp. 175-204 in The new information infrastructure : strategies for U.S. policy, edited by William J. Drake. New York: The Twentieth Century Fund Press.

Ganley, Gladys D. 1991. "Power to the People via Personal Electronic Media." The Washington Quarterly Spring 1991:5-14.

Goodman, S.E. 1994. "The Global Diffusion of the Internet: Patterns and Problems." Communications of the ACM 37:27-31.

The Uses and Effects of Computer-Mediated Communication

Noam, Eli M. 1995. "Electronics and the Dim Future of the University." Pp. 247-249 in Science.

Norman, Donald A. 1994. "How Might People Interact with Agents." Communication of the ACM 37:68-71.

Nunberg, Geoffrey. 1993. "The Places of Books in the Age of Electronic Reproduction." Representations 42:13-37.

Rheingold, Howard. 1993. The virtual community : homesteading on the electronic frontier. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. [R]

Sproull, Lee, and Sara B. Kiesler. 1991. Connections : new ways of working in the networked organization. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press. [R]

Turkle, Sherry. 1997. Life on the screen : identity in the age of the Internet. New York: Simon & Schuster. [R]

Zuboff, Shoshana. 1988. In the age of the smart machine : the future of work and power. New

The New Media and Freedom

Dyson, Esther, George Gilder, George Keyworth, and Alvin Toffler. 1994. "Cyberspace and the American Dream: A Magna Carta for the Knowledge Age." in Release 1.2, edited by Esther Dyson: Progress and Freedom Foundation.

Lessig, Lawrence. 1999. Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace. New York: Basic Books.

Marshall, Joshua Micah. 1998. "Will Free Speech Get Tangled in the Web?" The American Prospect 36: 46-50.

Pool, Ithiel de Sola. 1983. Technologies of freedom. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press.

Starr, Paul. 1997. "Cyberpower and Freedom." The American Prospect 33:6-9.

 

Economic Sociology

Classical Theory

Collins, Randall. 1980. "Weber's Last Theory of Capitalism: A Systemization." American Sociological Review 45:925-942.

Durkheim, Emile. 1984[1893]. The Division of Labor in Society. New York: Free Press.

Durkheim, Emile. 1990 [1890-1900]. Professional Ethics and Civic Morals. NY: Routlege.

Marx, Karl. 1971. The Grundrisse. New York: Harper Torchbooks.

Marx, Karl. 1964[1844]. Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, ed. By Dirk Struyk. International Publishers.

Polanyi, Karl. 1944. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston: Beacon Press.

Polanyi, Karl. 1992. "The Economy as Instituted Process." Pp. 29-52 in The Sociology of Economic Life, edited by Mark Granovetter and Richard Swedberg. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Simmel, Georg. 1978[1907]. The Philosophy of Money. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Weber, Max. 1958. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.

Weber, Max. 1978. Economy and Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Weber, Max. 1946. "Religious Rejections of the World and Their Directions." Pp. 323-359 in Hans Gerth and C. Wright Mills, eds. From Max Weber. N.Y.: Oxford University Press.

General Overview of Contemporary Economic Sociology

Barber, Bernard. 1995. "All Economies are "Embedded": The Career of a Concept, and Beyond." Social Research 62:387-413.

Becker, Gary. 1996. "The Economic Way of Looking at Life." Pp. Chapter 7 in Accounting for Tastes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Coleman, James S. 1994. "A Rational Choice Perspective on Economic Sociology." Pp. 166-180 in The Handbook of Economic Sociology, edited by Neil J. Smelser and Richard Swedberg. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Granovetter, Mark. 1985. "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness." American Journal of Sociology 91:485-510.

Hirsch, Paul, Stuart Michaels, and Ray Friedman. 1990. "Clean Models vs. Dirty Hands: Why Economics is Different from Sociology." Pp. 39-56 in Structures of Capital: The Social Organization of the Economy, edited by Sharon Zukin and Paul DiMaggio. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Kahneman, Daniel. 1994. "New Challenges to the Rationality Assumption." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 150:18-36.

Milkman, Ruth and Eleanor Townsley. 1994. "Gender and the Economy." Pp.600-619 in The Handbook of Economic Sociology, edited by Neil Smelser and Richard Swedberg. New York and Princeton: Russell Sage Foundation and Princeton University Press

Piore, Michael J. 1996. "Review of the Handbook of Economic Sociology." Journal of Economic Literature 34:741-754.

Portes, Alejandro. 1995. "Economic Sociology and the Sociology of Immigration: A Conceptual Overview." Pp. 1-41 in The Economic Sociology of Immigration. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Sen, Amartya. 1977. "Rational Fools: A Critique of the Behavioral Foundations of Economic Theory." Philosophy and Public Affairs 6:317-344.

Smelser, Neil J., and Richard Swedberg. 1994. "The Sociological Perspective on the Economy." Pp. 3-26 in The Handbook of Economic Sociology, edited by Neil Smelser and Richard Swedberg. New York and Princeton: Russell Sage Foundation and Princeton University Press.

Swedberg, Richard. 1990. Economics and Sociology: Redefining Their Boundaries: Conversations with Economists and Sociologists. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Interview with Albert Hirschman.

Swedberg, Richard. 1997. " New Economic Sociology: What Has Been Accomplished, What is Ahead?" Acta Sociologica 40:161-182.

Economy and Culture

Biggart, Nicole Woolsey. Charismatic Capitalism: Direct Selling Organizations in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.

DiMaggio, Paul. 1994. "Culture and Economy." Pp. 27-57 in The Handbook of Economic Sociology, edited by Neil Smelser and Richard Swedberg. New York and Princeton: Russell Sage Foundation and Princeton University Press.

Dobbin, Frank. 1993. "Cultural Construction of the Great Depression: Industrial Policy During the 1930s in the United States, Britain and France." Theory and Society 22: 1-56.

Helleiner, Eric. 1998. "National Currencies and National Identities." American Behavioral Scientist 41:1409-1436.

Morrill, Calvin. 1991. "Conflict Management, Honor and Organizational Change." American Journal of Sociology 97: 585-621.

Saxenian, AnnaLee. 1994. Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Introduction and Chapter 2.

Singh, Supriya. 1999. Electronic Money: Understanding Its Use to Increase the Effectiveness of Policy. Telecommunications Policy. 23:10/11

Smith, Charles. 1993. "Auctions: From Walras to the Real World." Pp. 176-192 in Explorations in Economic Sociology, edited by Richard Swedberg. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Zelizer, Viviana. 1985. Pricing the Priceless Child: The Changing Social Value of Children. New York: Basic Books. Selections.

Zelizer, Viviana. 1989. "The Social Meaning of Money." American Journal of Sociology 95: 342-377.

Zelizer, Viviana. 1996. "Payments and Social Ties." Sociological Forum 11:481-495.

Social Networks and Social Capital

Please note: in light of the fact that I have a whole area on Social Networks, this section includes pieces that emphasize the concept of social capital. Other relevant pieces are found under the Social Networks reading list.

Abolafia, Mitchel Y. Making Markets. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996. Introduction, pp. 1-13; chapter 1, pp. 14-37, "Homo Economicus Unbound: Bond Traders on Wall Street."

Burt, Ronald. 1998. "The Gender of Social Capital." Rationality and Society 10 (1): 5-46.

Kollock, Peter. 1999. The Economies of Online Cooperation: Gifts and Public Goods in Cyberspace. In Marc Smith and Peter Kollock (Eds.) Communities in Cyberspace. London: Routledge

Kollock, Peter. 1999. The Production of Trust in Online Markets. In E.J.Lawler, M.Macy, S.Thyne, and H.A. Walker, Eds. Advances in Group Processes (Vol.16.). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Portes, Alejandro. 1998. "Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology." Annual Review of Sociology 24.

Portes, Alejandro and Patricia Landolt. 1996. The Downside of Social Capital. The American Prospect. 24 (May-June):18-22.

Putnam, Robert D. 1993. "The Prosperous Community: Social Capital and Public Life." The American Prospect 13:35-42.

Labor Markets

Brines, Julie. 1994. Economic Dependency, Gender, and the Division of Labor at Home. American Journal of Sociology (November): 652-688.

Edin, Kathryn and Laura Lein. 1997. Making Ends Meet: How Single Mothers Survive Welfare and Low-Wage Work. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Reskin, Barbara F. and Patricia A. Roos. 1990. Job Queues, Gender Queues. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Western, Bruce and Katherine Beckett. 2000. "How Unregulated is the U.S. Labor Market? The Penal System as a Labor Market Institution." American Journal of Sociology.

Williams, Christine L. 1995. Still A Man's World: Men Who Do Women's Work. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press.

Consumption

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1984. Distinction. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Chs. 1, 3, 5, Conclusion.

DiMaggio, Paul, and Hugh Louch. 1998. "Socially Embedded Consumer Transactions: For What Kinds of Purchases Do People Most Often Use Networks?" American Sociological Review 63:619-637.

Frenzen, Jonathan, Paul M. Hirsch, and Philip C. Zerrillo, "Consumption, Preferences, and Changing Lifestyles," pp. 403-425 in The Handbook of Economic Sociology, edited by Neil Smelser and Richard Swedberg. New York: Russell Sage Foundation

Halle, David. "The Audience for Abstract Art: Class, Culture and Power" in Michele Lamont, Ed. Cultivating Differences. 1992. Chicago, Ill.: The University of Chicago Press.

Nightingale, Carl H. 1993. On the Edge. New York: Basic Books. Chapter 5.

Peiss, Kathy. 1990. "Making Faces: The Cosmetics Industry and the Cultural Construction of Gender, 1890-1930." Genders 7:143-169.

Radin, Margaret J. 1996. Contested Commodities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Ritzer, George. 1996. The McDonaldization of America. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge. Chaps. 1, 9.

Veblen, Thorstein. 1934[1899]. The Theory of the Leisure Class. New York: The Modern Library. Selections.

Watson, James L. 1997. Golden Arches East: McDonald's In East Asia. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Wuthnow, Robert. 1996. Poor Richard's Principle: Recovering the American Dream Through the Moral Dimension of Work, Business and Money. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

 

Social Networks

General Overview of Theoretical Perspectives

Breiger, Ronald L. "The Duality of Persons and Groups." Social Forces 53 (1974): 181-190.

Burt, Ronald S. 1987. "Social Contagion and Innovation: Cohesion versus Structural Equivalence." American Journal of Sociology 92:1287-1335.

Burt, Ronald S. 1992. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Emirbayer, Mustafa. 1997. "Manifesto for a Relational Sociology." American Journal of Sociology 103: 281-317.

Emirbayer, Mustafa and Jeff Goodwin. 1994. "Network Analysis, Culture and the Problem of Agency." American Journal of Sociology 99: 1411-54.

Erickson, Bonnie H. 1988. "The Relational Basis of Attitudes." Pp. 99-121 in Barry Wellman and S. D. Berkowitz, eds., Social Structures. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Granovetter, Mark. 1973. "The Strength of Weak Ties." American Journal of Sociology 78:1360-80.

Granovetter, M. 1983. "The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited" in Randall, C. (Ed.). Sociological Theory 1983. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. pp.201-233.

Lin, Nan. 1990. "Social Resources and Social Mobility." Pp. 247-271 in Ronald L. Breiger, ed., Social Mobility and Social Structure. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Powell, Walter W. 1990. "Neither Market Nor Hierarchy," in Research in Organizational Behavior v. 12, ed. Barry Staw and L.L. Cummings. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Simmel, Georg. 1922. "The Web of Group Affiliations." Pp. 125-95 in Conflict and the Web of Group Affiliations, edited by Kurt Wolff. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.

Wellman, Barry. 1988. "Structural Analysis: From Method and Metaphore to Theory and Substance." pp.19-61. in Wellman, Barry, and S.D. Berkowitz (Eds.). 1988. Social Structures: A Network Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Networks Classics

Bott, Elizabeth. 1972. Family and Social Network. London: Tavistock.

Fischer, Claude. 1982. To Dwell Among Friends. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Granovetter, Mark. (1974)1995. Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Moreno, Jacob L. 1953. Who Shall Survive? New York: BeaconHouse.

Empirical Examples (recent articles)

Erickson, Bonnie. 1999. "Culture, Class, and Connections." American Journal of Sociology 102(1):217-251.

Gerlach, Michael L. 1992. "The Japanese Corporate Network: A Blockmodel Approach." Administrative Science Quarterly 37: 105-139.

Galaskiewicz, Joseph and Stanley Wasserman. 1989. Mimetic Processes within an Interorganizational Field: An Empirical Test. Administrative Science Quarterly. 34, 3, Sept, 454-479

Laumann, Edward O. and Franz U. Pappi. 1973. "New Directions in the Study of Community Elites." American Sociological Review 38:: 212-230.

Marsden, Peter. 1987. "Core Discussion Networks of Americans." American Sociological Review 52: 122-131.

Padgett, John F. and Christopher K. Ansell. 1993. "Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 1400-1434." American Journal of Sociology 98:1259-1319.

Peterson, Richard A. and Howard White. 1979. "The Simplex Located in Artworlds." Urban Life and Culture 7: 411-39.

Portes, Alejandro and Julia Sensenbrenner. 1993. "Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action." American Journal of Sociology 98: 1320-1350.

Useem, Michael. 1982. "Classwide Rationality in the Politics of Managers and Directors of Large American Corporations in the U.S. and Great Britain." Administrative Science Quarterly 27: 199-226.

Uzzi, Brian. 1997. "Social Structure and Competition in Interfirm Networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness." Administrative Science Quarterly 42:35-67.

Wellman, Barry and Milena Gulia. 1999. Net Surfers Don't Ride Alone: Virtual Community as Community" In Barry Wellman (ed.) Networks in the Global Village. Boulder: Westview Press

International Networks

Breiger, Ronald L. 1981. "Structures of Economic Interdependence Among Nations." Pp. 353-380 in Blau and Merton (eds.) Continuities in Structural Inquiry Sage.

Smith, D.A. and D.R. White. 1992. "Structure and Dynamic of the Global Economy: Network Analysis of International Trade 1965-1980." Social Forces, 70, pp. 857-893.

Snyder, D. and E. Kick. 1979. "Structural Position in the World System and Economic Growth, 1955-1970." American Journal of Sociology, 84, pp. 1096-1126.

Methods

Bonacich, Phillip. 1987. Power and Centrality: A Family of Measures. American Journal of Sociology. 92:5,1170-1182.

Borgatti, Stephen P. and Martin G. Everett. "Notions of Position in Social Network Analysis." Pp. 1-25 in Marsden (ed.) Sociological Methodology 1992.

Cook, Emerson, Gillmore, and Yamagish. 1983 "The Distribution of Power in Exchange Networks: Theory and Experimental Results." American Journal of Sociology. 89:275-305.

Doreian, Patrick. 1988. "Using Multiple Network Analytic Tools for a Single Social Network." Social Networks 10: 287-312.

Freeman, Linton, A. K. Romney and S. C. Freeman. 1987. Cognitive Structure and Informant Accuracy. American Anthropologist, 89,311-325.

Freeman, Linton C. and Douglas R. White. "Using Galois Lattices to Represent Network Data." Pp. 127-146 in Marsden (ed.) Sociological Methodology 1993.

Marsden, "Social Networks." To appear in Borgatta and Montgomery (eds.), Encyclopedia of Sociology, Second Edition.

Marsden, "Network Data and Measurement." Annual Review of Sociology 16 (1990): 435-463.

Wasserman, Stanley, and Katherine Faust. 1993. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp.1-424, 461-599.

White, Harrison, Scott Boorman, and Ronald Breiger. 1976. "Social Structure from Multiple Networks I: Blockmodels of Roles and Positions." American Journal of Sociology 81:730-80.

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